„Ein Griff ins Rohr!“

Notfall + Rettungsmedizin -     

The relative risk of noncervical high-risk human papillomavirus-related (pre)malignancies after recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3: A population-based study

Women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) have a long-lasting increased risk for noncervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-related (pre)malignancies. The aim of our study was to estimate this risk in women with recurrent CIN3 compared to women without a history of CIN3 and women with a single episode of CIN3. Women with a CIN3 diagnosis between 1990 and 2010 were obtained from the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA) and matched with a control group of women without CIN3. Analysis has been conducted in a subset of women with recurrent CIN3, defined as reoccurrence minimally 2 years post-treatment. Cases of noncervical hrHPV-related (pre)malignancies of the anus, vulva, vagina and oropharynx were identified until 2015 and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated. Then, 1,797 women with recurrent CIN3 were included with a median age of 34 years (range 18–76) and 31,594 person-years of follow-up. Women with recurrent CIN3 had an increased risk of developing noncervical hrHPV-related (pre)malignancies compared to women without CIN3 with an IRR of 25.96 (95%CI 6.32–106.58). The IRR was 2.48 (95% CI 1.87–3.30) compared to women with a single episode of CIN3. Studies on posttreatment follow-up and prophylactic hrHPV vaccination are warranted.     

关于加强临床营养教育的若干建议

临床营养学作为一门重要的综合学科,已经成为临床治疗中重要的组成部分.临床营养教育是依靠临床营养学这门课程,为培养更加专业的临床营养学人才开展的一门新的教育课程.目前我国的临床营养学教育现状不容乐观,医学院校对临床营养学课程重视不够,在专业教学内容和课程建设方面均无法满足社会需求.通过借鉴国外营养教育制度,并结合国内临床营养人才需求现状,应注意不同专业的医学生在日后工作对临床营养的需求,逐渐开展临床营养学必修课教学,加强营养在临床应用的实践教学;并完善毕业后教育体系,对所有规范化培训的医师增加要求到临床营养科轮转培训且不少于1个月,对非临床医学的营养师要求到临床科室轮转至少2个月.提高进修临床医师继续教育及培训营养支持治疗的认识.临床营养专业的教学改革任重而道远,仍需我们不断完善理论体系,积极践行学科理论和知识,满足我国临床营养的人才需求,使社会认识到临床营养对促进健康、预防和治疗疾病的重要性.     

A novel lncRNA-LINC01116 regulates tumorigenesis of glioma by targeting VEGFA

Brain glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and one of the leading causes of death in patients with intracranial tumors. The clinical outcome of glioma is usually poor due to abundant vascularity, fast growth and susceptibility of invasion to normal brain tissues. Our microarray study showed that lncRNA-LINC01116 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and played an important role in cell proliferation, cycle, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) may be the major target genes in the downstream of lncRNA-LINC01116. Dual luciferase assay showed that LINC01116 and VEGFA both contained a miR-31-5p binding site, and LINC01116 could regulate the expression of VEGFA through competitive absorption of miR-31-5p. RNA immunoprecipitation indicated that LINC01116 and VEGFA were present in the miR-31-5p-RISC complex, and biotinylated miR-31-5p pull-down assay suggested that there was a competitive relationship between LINC01116 and VEGFA to bind with miR-31-5p. Collectively, our study has identified a novel lncRNA-LINC01116 and clarified the role and mechanism of LINC01116 in the tumorigenesis of glioma. LINC01116 may prove to be a potential target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.     

Prevalence of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) predisposition gene mutations among 882 HBOC high‐risk Chinese individuals

Identification of deleterious variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes allows for increased clinical surveillance and early detection, and could predict the response to poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. To determine the prevalence and clinical prediction factors for HBOC syndrome, 882 selected individuals underwent multigene panel testing for HBOC risk assessment during the period from January 2015 to March 2018. Overall, 176 deleterious mutations were observed in 19.50% (n = 172) of individuals. Twenty‐six of 176 mutations could not be retrieved in related public databases and were considered to be novel. Among patients with ovarian cancer, 115 deleterious mutations were identified in 429 patients (48.6%) with significant enrichment for a family history of breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (P < .05). In the breast cancer subgroup, 31 deleterious mutations were identified in 261 patients. Besides BRCA1 (8; 25.8%) and BRCA2 (11; 35.5%), the most frequently occurring genes, an additional 12 deleterious mutations (38.7%) were found in seven other susceptibility genes. Higher mutation incidence (57.9%) was observed in subjects with histories of breast and ovarian cancer. Our results highlighted the genetic heterogeneity of HBOC and the efficiency of a multigene panel in carrying out risk assessment.     

Demyelinating processes in aging and stroke in the central nervous system and the prospect of treatment strategy

Demyelination occurs in response to brain injury and is observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. Myelin is synthesized from oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and oligodendrocyte death‐induced demyelination is one of the mechanisms involved in white matter damage after stroke and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) exist in the brain of normal adults, and their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes play a central role in remyelination. Although the differentiation and maturity of OPCs drive endogenous efforts for remyelination, the failure of axons to remyelinate is still the biggest obstacle to brain repair after injury or diseases. In recent years, studies have made attempts to promote remyelination after brain injury and disease, but its cellular or molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies examining the demyelination process and potential therapeutic strategies for remyelination in aging and stroke. Based on our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination, we hypothesize that myelin and oligodendrocytes are viable therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury and to treat demyelinating‐related neurodegeneration diseases.     

Industrial Production of Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs): Big Knowledge Gaps Need to Be Filled?

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Since the phase-out of traditional halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), interests of research are gradually being shifted to organophosphate...     

Paired associated magnetic stimulation promotes neural repair in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke

Paired associative stimulation has been used in stroke patients as an innovative recovery treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effectiveness of paired associative stimulation on neurological function remain unclear. In this study, rats were randomly divided into middle cerebral occlusion model(MCAO) and paired associated magnetic stimulation(PAMS) groups. The MCAO rat model was produced by middle cerebral artery embolization. The PAMS group received PAMS on days 3 to 20 post MCAO. The MCAO group received sham stimulation, three times every week. Within 18 days after ischemia, rats were subjected to behavioral experiments—the foot-fault test, the balance beam walking test, and the ladder walking test. Balance ability was improved on days 15 and 17, and the footfault rate was less in their affected limb on day 15 in the PAMS group compared with the MCAO group. Western blot assay showed that the expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor, glutamate receptor 2/3, postsynaptic density protein 95 and synapsin-1 were significantly increased in the PAMS group compared with the MCAO group in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex on day 21. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that regional brain activities in the sensorimotor cortex were increased in the ipsilateral hemisphere, but decreased in the contralateral hemisphere on day 20. By finite element simulation, the electric field distribution showed a higher intensity, of approximately 0.4 A/m~2, in the ischemic cortex compared with the contralateral cortex in the template. Together, our findings show that PAMS upregulates neuroplasticity-related proteins, increases regional brain activity, and promotes functional recovery in the affected sensorimotor cortex in the rat MCAO model. The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fudan University, China(approval No. 201802173 S) on March 3, 2018.     

不同基原土牛膝的性状显微比较研究

目的 建立3种不同基原的土牛膝的性状及显微鉴别方法。方法 在植物分类学鉴定基础上，对不同基原的土牛膝进行鉴定，并使用性状和显微研究方法，对采集的土牛膝进行比较分析。结果 通过研究发现，3种土牛膝可以通过横切面显微特征区分，粉末显微特征区别不明显。结论 土牛膝不同基原可以通过性状、显微进行鉴别,通过对二者性状、显微的细致研究，为相关的标准修订与提高提供依据。     

国家谈判药品门诊医保待遇现状、问题及完善措施

2017?2019年国家医保目录准入谈判有效缓解了高值创新药品的“看病贵”难题。但“重住院、轻门诊”医保现状使得谈判药品门诊实际报销水平较低，进而影响患者的健康福利。本文以97个谈判药品、337个统筹市为统计样本，实证分析门诊用药的医保报销情况，结果显示有40个品种在大部分统筹市（统筹市占比超过70%）的实际报销水平低于50%。进一步探究门诊待遇低的原因发现未纳入门诊特殊政策、或门诊特殊政策不完善是其主要原因。最后，本文基于国内各统筹市门诊补偿政策经验提出提高门诊保障待遇的建议与方案，认为各统筹市可通过实现门诊统筹、完善门诊特殊政策、探索创新支付等手段提高谈判药品门诊保障待遇，确保医保目录准入谈判结果落地工作的顺利实施。